{"id":1689,"date":"2024-11-09T04:18:29","date_gmt":"2024-11-09T04:18:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/economy.theblock101.com\/?p=1689"},"modified":"2024-11-09T04:18:30","modified_gmt":"2024-11-09T04:18:30","slug":"giam-phat-la-gi-tong-quan-ve-hien-tuong-kinh-te-doi-lap-voi-lam-phat","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/economy.theblock101.com\/?p=1689","title":{"rendered":"Gi\u1ea3m ph\u00e1t l\u00e0 g\u00ec? T\u1ed5ng quan v\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kinh t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp v\u1edbi l\u1ea1m ph\u00e1t"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Gi\u1ea3m ph\u00e1t l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef kinh t\u1ebf quan tr\u1ecdng, ch\u1ec9 s\u1ef1 suy gi\u1ea3m chung c\u1ee7a m\u1ee9c gi\u00e1 c\u1ea3 h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 trong n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trong khi l\u1ea1m ph\u00e1t th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n, gi\u1ea3m ph\u00e1t l\u1ea1i \u00edt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00fa \u00fd h\u01a1n, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y s\u1ebd gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 gi\u1ea3m ph\u00e1t, nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n, h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p \u1ee9ng ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1.Gi\u1ea3m ph\u00e1t l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h2>\n\n\n
\n
\"Gi\u1ea3m
Gi\u1ea3m ph\u00e1t l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

Gi\u1ea3m ph\u00e1t (Ti\u1ebfng Anh: Deflation) l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 suy gi\u1ea3m chung c\u1ee7a m\u1ee9c gi\u00e1 c\u1ea3 h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 trong m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf. T\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3m cung ti\u1ec1n v\u00e0 t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng. Gi\u1ea3m ph\u00e1t c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 l\u1ea1m ph\u00e1t<\/a> \u00e2m v\u00ec t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 n\u1eb1m d\u01b0\u1edbi 0%. N\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, khi x\u1ea3y ra gi\u1ea3m ph\u00e1t, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n v\u1edbi c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n so v\u1edbi tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trong ng\u1eafn h\u1ea1n, s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3m gi\u00e1 chung n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u00edch c\u1ef1c, v\u00ec n\u00f3 mang l\u1ea1i cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng s\u1ee9c mua l\u1edbn h\u01a1n. Tuy nhi\u00ean, gi\u1ea3m ph\u00e1t k\u00e9o d\u00e0i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra nh\u1eefng h\u1ec7 l\u1ee5y nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng cho n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn suy tho\u00e1i<\/a>, b\u1ea5t \u1ed5n v\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u00e0n ph\u00e1 c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a gi\u1ea3m ph\u00e1t<\/h2>\n\n\n
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\"Nguy\u00ean
Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a gi\u1ea3m ph\u00e1t<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

Gi\u1ea3m ph\u00e1t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 do nhi\u1ec1u nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n kh\u00e1c nhau, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 hai y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf h\u1ecdc, nh\u01b0 John Maynard Keynes, ch\u1ec9 ra l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a gi\u1ea3m ph\u00e1t: gi\u1ea3m c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 t\u0103ng cung.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2.1 T\u1ed5ng c\u1ea7u gi\u1ea3m<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Gi\u1ea3m c\u1ea7u ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3m ph\u00e1t. Khi nhu c\u1ea7u ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n gi\u1ea3m, l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a v\u1eabn t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i ho\u1eb7c th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f2n th\u1eeba, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c gi\u00e1 c\u1ea3 h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a gi\u1ea3m. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 m\u1ea5t c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng gi\u1eefa cung v\u00e0 c\u1ea7u, khi\u1ebfn cho gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a s\u1ee5t gi\u1ea3m. C\u00e1c nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3m c\u1ea7u bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n\n\n\n